A long time in the making Curiosity landed in Gale Crater on August 6 2012. More than 12 years later the rover has driven over 21 miles 34 kilometers to ascend Mount Sharp which is within the crater. The feature’s many layers preserve millions of years of geological history on Mars showing how it shifted from a wet to a dry environment. celer network Perhaps one of the most valuable samples Curiosity has gathered on its mission to understand whether Mars was ever habitable was collected in May 2013. The rover drilled the Cumberland sample from an area within a crater called Yellowknife Bay which resembled an ancient lake bed. The rocks from Yellowknife Bay so intrigued Curiosity’s science team that it had the rover drive in the opposite direction to collect samples from the area before heading to Mount Sharp. Since collecting the Cumberland sample Curiosity has used SAM to study it in a variety of ways revealing that Yellowknife Bay was once the site of an ancient lake where clay minerals formed in water. The mudstone created an environment that could concentrate and preserve organic molecules and trapped them inside the fine grains of the sedimentary rock. Freissinet helped lead a research team in 2015 that was able to identify organic molecules within the Cumberland sample. The instrument detected an abundance of sulfur which can be used to preserve organic molecules; nitrates which are essential for plant and animal health on Earth; and methane composed of a type of carbon associated with biological processes on Earth. “There is evidence that liquid water existed in Gale Crater for millions of years and probably much longer which means there was enough time for life-forming chemistry to happen in these crater-lake environments on Mars” said study coauthor Daniel Glavin senior scientist for sample return at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt Maryland in a statement.
Everyone is talking about Greenland. Here’s what it’s like to visit cow fi A few months ago Greenland was quietly getting on with winter as the territory slid deeper into the darkness that envelops the world’s northerly reaches at this time of year. But President Donald Trump’s musings about America taking over this island of 56000 largely Inuit people halfway between New York and Moscow has seen Greenland shaken from its frozen Arctic anonymity. Denmark for whom Greenland is an autonomous crown dependency has protested it’s not for sale. Officials in Greenland meanwhile have sought to assert the territory’s right to independence. The conversation continues to intensify. A contentious March 28 visit to a US military installation by Usha Vance the second lady accompanied by her husband Vice President JD Vance was the latest in a series of events to focus attention on Trump’s ambitions for Greenland. The visit was originally planned as a cultural exchange but was shortened following complaints from Greenland Prime Minister Mute B. Egede. Had the Vances prolonged their scheduled brief visit they would’ve discovered a ruggedly pristine wildernesses steeped in rich Indigenous culture. An inhospitable icecap several miles deep covers 80 of Greenland forcing the Inuit to dwell along the shorelines in brightly painted communities. Here they spend brutally cold winters hunting seals on ice under the northern lights in near perpetual darkness. Although these days they can also rely on community stores. The problem for travelers over the years has been getting to Greenland via time-consuming indirect flights. That’s changing. Late in 2024 the capital Nuuk opened a long-delayed international airport. From June 2025 United Airlines will be operating a twice-weekly direct service from Newark to Nuuk. Two further international airports are due to open by 2026 — Qaqortoq in South Greenland and more significantly in Ilulissat the island’s only real tourism hotspot.
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Curiosity has maintained pristine pieces of the Cumberland sample in a “doggy bag” so that the team could have the rover revisit it later even miles away from the site where it was collected. The team developed and tested innovative methods in its lab on Earth before sending messages to the rover to try experiments on the sample. changelly exchange In a quest to see whether amino acids the building blocks of proteins existed in the sample the team instructed the rover to heat up the sample twice within SAM’s oven. When it measured the mass of the molecules released during heating there weren’t any amino acids but they found something entirely unexpected. An intriguing detection The team was surprised to detect small amounts of decane undecane and dodecane so it had to conduct a reverse experiment on Earth to determine whether these organic compounds were the remnants of the fatty acids undecanoic acid dodecanoic acid and tridecanoic acid respectively. The scientists mixed undecanoic acid into a clay similar to what exists on Mars and heated it up in a way that mimicked conditions within SAM’s oven. The undecanoic acid released decane just like what Curiosity detected. Each fatty acid remnant detected by Curiosity was made with a long chain of 11 to 13 carbon atoms. Previous molecules detected on Mars were smaller meaning their atomic weight was less than the molecules found in the new study and simpler. “It’s notable that non-biological processes typically make shorter fatty acids with less than 12 carbons” said study coauthor Dr. Amy Williams associate professor of geology at the University of Florida and assistant director of the Astraeus Space Institute in an email. “Larger and more complex molecules are likely what are required for an origin of life if it ever occurred on Mars.”
A long time in the making Curiosity landed in Gale Crater on August 6 2012. More than 12 years later the rover has driven over 21 miles 34 kilometers to ascend Mount Sharp which is within the crater. The feature’s many layers preserve millions of years of geological history on Mars showing how it shifted from a wet to a dry environment. celer network Perhaps one of the most valuable samples Curiosity has gathered on its mission to understand whether Mars was ever habitable was collected in May 2013. The rover drilled the Cumberland sample from an area within a crater called Yellowknife Bay which resembled an ancient lake bed. The rocks from Yellowknife Bay so intrigued Curiosity’s science team that it had the rover drive in the opposite direction to collect samples from the area before heading to Mount Sharp. Since collecting the Cumberland sample Curiosity has used SAM to study it in a variety of ways revealing that Yellowknife Bay was once the site of an ancient lake where clay minerals formed in water. The mudstone created an environment that could concentrate and preserve organic molecules and trapped them inside the fine grains of the sedimentary rock. Freissinet helped lead a research team in 2015 that was able to identify organic molecules within the Cumberland sample. The instrument detected an abundance of sulfur which can be used to preserve organic molecules; nitrates which are essential for plant and animal health on Earth; and methane composed of a type of carbon associated with biological processes on Earth. “There is evidence that liquid water existed in Gale Crater for millions of years and probably much longer which means there was enough time for life-forming chemistry to happen in these crater-lake environments on Mars” said study coauthor Daniel Glavin senior scientist for sample return at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt Maryland in a statement.
Everyone is talking about Greenland. Here’s what it’s like to visit cow fi A few months ago Greenland was quietly getting on with winter as the territory slid deeper into the darkness that envelops the world’s northerly reaches at this time of year. But President Donald Trump’s musings about America taking over this island of 56000 largely Inuit people halfway between New York and Moscow has seen Greenland shaken from its frozen Arctic anonymity. Denmark for whom Greenland is an autonomous crown dependency has protested it’s not for sale. Officials in Greenland meanwhile have sought to assert the territory’s right to independence. The conversation continues to intensify. A contentious March 28 visit to a US military installation by Usha Vance the second lady accompanied by her husband Vice President JD Vance was the latest in a series of events to focus attention on Trump’s ambitions for Greenland. The visit was originally planned as a cultural exchange but was shortened following complaints from Greenland Prime Minister Mute B. Egede. Had the Vances prolonged their scheduled brief visit they would’ve discovered a ruggedly pristine wildernesses steeped in rich Indigenous culture. An inhospitable icecap several miles deep covers 80 of Greenland forcing the Inuit to dwell along the shorelines in brightly painted communities. Here they spend brutally cold winters hunting seals on ice under the northern lights in near perpetual darkness. Although these days they can also rely on community stores. The problem for travelers over the years has been getting to Greenland via time-consuming indirect flights. That’s changing. Late in 2024 the capital Nuuk opened a long-delayed international airport. From June 2025 United Airlines will be operating a twice-weekly direct service from Newark to Nuuk. Two further international airports are due to open by 2026 — Qaqortoq in South Greenland and more significantly in Ilulissat the island’s only real tourism hotspot.
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Curiosity has maintained pristine pieces of the Cumberland sample in a “doggy bag” so that the team could have the rover revisit it later even miles away from the site where it was collected. The team developed and tested innovative methods in its lab on Earth before sending messages to the rover to try experiments on the sample. changelly exchange In a quest to see whether amino acids the building blocks of proteins existed in the sample the team instructed the rover to heat up the sample twice within SAM’s oven. When it measured the mass of the molecules released during heating there weren’t any amino acids but they found something entirely unexpected. An intriguing detection The team was surprised to detect small amounts of decane undecane and dodecane so it had to conduct a reverse experiment on Earth to determine whether these organic compounds were the remnants of the fatty acids undecanoic acid dodecanoic acid and tridecanoic acid respectively. The scientists mixed undecanoic acid into a clay similar to what exists on Mars and heated it up in a way that mimicked conditions within SAM’s oven. The undecanoic acid released decane just like what Curiosity detected. Each fatty acid remnant detected by Curiosity was made with a long chain of 11 to 13 carbon atoms. Previous molecules detected on Mars were smaller meaning their atomic weight was less than the molecules found in the new study and simpler. “It’s notable that non-biological processes typically make shorter fatty acids with less than 12 carbons” said study coauthor Dr. Amy Williams associate professor of geology at the University of Florida and assistant director of the Astraeus Space Institute in an email. “Larger and more complex molecules are likely what are required for an origin of life if it ever occurred on Mars.”